Valores de electrolitos, gases sanguíneos, nitrógeno ureico y glucosa en sangre venosa de caninos, ubicados a 2.600 msnm / Valores of electrolytes, gases, bun and glucose in venous blood in dogs at 2.600 mosl

El presente trabajo aporta información útil sobre el estatus ácido-base a partir de 38 muestras de sangre venosa en caninos adultos en reposo, localizados a una altitud de 2.600 msnm. Los datos disponibles y actuales proceden, en su mayoría, de investigaciones realizadas en otros países en las que se hace referencia al tipo de trabajo del animal y al efecto de la altitud. Los datos obtenidos en este trabajo fueron comparados con la información reportada en caninos atletas y con las conclusiones de otras investigaciones. De acuerdo con los resultados de este estudio, en los caninos que viven en zonas a 2.600 msnm se presentan concentraciones de electrolitos, como el sodio (140,28 mmol/L) y el cloruro (110,913mmol/L), que resultan ser inferiores a los datos reportados por otras investigaciones, aunque los valores plasmáticos de sodio, cloruro, potasio y calcio ionizado no variaron en relación con otros estudios. Los valores de brecha aniónica y pH de la sangre no variaron en relación con los valores de referencia, mientras que la concentración de bicarbonato estuvo cerca al límite superior. Este último aspecto está relacionado con el aumento de la relación HCO3:CO2d. La osmolalidad calculada estuvo cerca al límite inferior con una tendencia a la hiposmolalidad...

Survival of HIV-1 activity after disinfection, temperature and pH changes, or drying.

A recently developed assay for measuring infectious HIV-1 particles was used to determine the stability of the virus under various storage conditions as well as the effect of commonly used disinfectants. At the optimum pH of 7.1 the half life of the virus ranged from approx. twenty-four hours at 37 degrees C to no significant loss over 6 months at -75 degrees C. Drying the virus on a glass surface or freezing caused a 5-12 fold and 4-5 fold decrease of activity, respectively. The dried preparations, however, were about as stable as when stored in a buffered solution. A solution of iodine and detergent (2% Jodopax) was the only disinfectant examined which removed all detectable HIV-1 activity. Isopropanol and ethanol were more potent than acetone; however, all three solvents left some viable particles after a 30 min treatment with 70% solutions.

Topical antimicrobial therapy and diagnosis of subgingival bacteria in the management of inflammatory periodontal disease.

Bacterial specificity in human periodontal diseases suggests the possibility of diagnosing and treating periodontitis as specific infections and using microbiological diagnostic means to evaluate the efficacy of periodontal therapy. In a series of clinical trials, the usefulness of topical antimicrobial agents in combination with surgical and non-surgical conventional periodontal therapy were tested. The healing result was estimated by monitoring probing attachment levels (PAL). The usefulness of clinical and microbiological parameters to evaluate post-treatment healing result was tested. 9 of the patients exhibiting sites with recurrent periodontal disease were then evaluated for clinical and microbiological parameters to define accurate means to differentiate between active and inactive periodontal disease. The results showed that the frequency of periodontal lesions with significant loss of PAL after treatment was less in patients treated with antimicrobial agent. Specific microbiological parameters showed stronger correlation than clinical parameters with gain and/or loss of PAL post-treatment. Thus Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Bacteroides gingivalis occurred in periodontal lesions with progressing disease after treatment, but were rarely detected in samples from pockets of the same depths which did not exhibit further loss of PAL over a study period of 1 year. This study points to the usefulness of topical antimicrobial agent as an adjunct to mechanical subgingival debridement in the treatment of periodontitis in adults. The results also indicate the utility of diagnostic microbiology in the assessment of periodontal disease activity post-treatment.

Mechanism of renal excretion of various X-ray contrast materials in rabbits.

The excretory behavior of nine nephrotropic contrast agents with varying physicochemical properties such as charge, lipophilicity, and molecular size was investigated. Renal clearance in comparison with inulin was determined by means of the continuous infusion method. Each contrast agent was infused at three dose levels in four to six rabbits. The investigations show that tubular transportation in proportion to glomerular filtration decreases with increasing dosages of all the contrast agents. Thus, with the highest concentration in plasma all contrast agents are eliminated at more or less the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). After administration of the low dosages the following differences are found: 1) Net tubular secretion increases for the monomeric contrast agent acids with increasing lipophilicity, in the order diatrizoate congruent to iothalamate less than iodamide less than acetrizoate. 2) The clearance studies do not reveal any tubular secretion or reabsorption for a hydrophilic cationic contrast agent. 3) The nonionic contrast agents do not show net secretion. The more lipophilic they are, the more they are reabsorbed. 4) Two dimeric contrast agents also do not reveal any tubular secretion. They seem to be reabsorbed more than monomers with the same charge.

Comparative study: Endografine (diatrizoate), Vasurix polyvidone (acetrizoate), Dimer-X (iocarmate) and Hexabrix (ioxaglate) in hysterosalpingography.

Side effects of hysterosalpingography with Dimer-X, Hexabrix, Vasurix polyvidone and Endografine in 142 consecutive patients, receiving one of the four tested media were evaluated from replies to postal questionnaires. The Dimer-X group had a higher incidence of nausea and dizziness. The Endografine group had a higher incidence of abdominal pain. These differences occur especially in the age groups under 30 years. Hexabrix and Vasurix polyvidone are considered the best contrast media for hysterosalpingography and perhaps because of its low toxicity Hexabrix should be preferred.

[Effect of contrast media on the structure and function of hepatocyte plasma membranes]. / Vliianie kontrastnykh sredstv na strukturu i funktsiiu plazmaticheskikh membran gepatotsitov.

The cholecystographic radiopaque agents, adipiodon and endographin, unlike the urographic contrast agents, triombrin and iodamide, decrease the fluorescence intensity of hydrophobic probes 1-anilinonaphthalene-8-sulfonate and 4-dimethylaminochalcone in plasmic membranes (PM) of rat hepatocytes primarily at the expense of the lowering of the constant of probe association with the membranes. The similar but less marked effects were discovered in experiments with lecithin lyposomal preparations. As regards the intensity of action, cardiotrast and triotrast an intermediate position between the two groups of radiographic contrast agents. Adipiodon and endographin induce an inhibition of membranous Mg+2 (Na+, K+) ATPase, which correlates with their effect on the structure of the hepatocyte PM. The data obtained allow a conclusion that, unlike the urographic agents, the cholecystographic radiopaque agents are bound to the definite areas of the hepatocytic PM and provoke alterations in the activity of membranous APTase because of the conformational rearrangements of the membranes.

Biological evaluation of root canal antiseptics using in vitro and in vivo methods.

Five antiseptics commonly used in endodontic treatment were evaluated with regard to cytotoxicity and initial tissue irritating effect. The cytotoxicity was evaluated in a cell culture system using HeLa cells and the initial tissue irritating effect was assessed by application of the antiseptics onto an intact nonepithelialized tissue surface. The cell response was assessed by registering changes in the DNA synthesis of the cells and the tissue response was assessed by registering changes in the oxidoreductase enzyme activity of the tissue. To evaluate the ability of the cells and the tissue to overcome an induced damage, one part of the study included a recovery period before the condition of the cells and the tissue was assessed. The most severe cell and tissue reactions were caused by 5% Chloramine-T whereas no differences in toxicity or tissue irritating effect were found between 0.04% Jodopax, 0.1% Biosept, 0.1% Hibitane, or 0.5% sodium hypochlorite. The HeLa cells showed the best recovery after having been influenced by Jodopax, Chloramine-T or sodium hypochlorite solutions, whereas the best tissue recovery was observed in the experiments with Biosept and Hibitane.

[Separation of lymphocytes by using visotrast 370 (author's transl)]. / Lymphozytenseparierung unter Verwendung von Visotrast 370.

Enrichments of lymphocytes are mainly performed according to the flotation principle. By means of numerous differences with regard to the composition and density of the solution for separation, the relative acelleration and duration of the centrifugation the advantages and disadvantages of at least 7 methods were compared with our own modification: 1. Visotrast 370 diluted with Aqua dest. is equal to density gradients containing ficoll. 2. The one-step assays proved to be better and less time consuming than the combined methods. 3. With the density of the flotation medium of 1,076 g . cm-3 79 +/- 11% of the lymphocyte of the original blood were isolated, their purity was 93 +/- 3%, their vitality 91 +/- 4%. 4. There was slight contamination with other blood cells.

[Effect of contrast media on the rate of oxidation of NADP.H and NAD.H by rat liver microsomes]. / Issledovanie deistviia rentgenokontrastnykh veshchestv na skorost' okisleniia NADF.H i NAD.H mikrosomami pecheni krys.

The effect of roentgen-contrast media on the activity of the NADP'N and NAD'N-dependent electron-transport chains of the rats liver microsomes was studied. Bilignost, cardiotrast, triiotrast and triombrin are shown to lower the rate of the NADP'N oxidation by the rats' liver microsomes and have no effect (except for triiotrast) upon the rate of the NAD'N oxidation. It is presumed that the relative resistance of the NAD'N-specific flavoproteid is due to the presence of a hydrophobic layer impervious to the polar molecules of the contrast media.